The government’s outstanding debt hit a record high of P13.698 trillion at the end of January as the government ramped up domestic and external borrowings, the Bureau of the Treasury (BTr) said on Tuesday.
Data from the BTr showed that the outstanding debt jumped by P279.63 billion or 2.1% from the P13.419 trillion at the end of December “due to the net availment of domestic and external debt,” Business World reported.
Year on year, the debt stock rose by 13.9 percent from P12.03 trillion.
As of end-January, more than two-thirds or 68.5 percent of total outstanding debt were from domestic sources, while the rest was from foreign creditors.
Domestic debt climbed by 12.2% to P9.385 trillion as of January, from P8.368 trillion a year ago. It also inched up by 1.9 percent from the P9.208 trillion as of end-December 2022.
The BTr attributed the higher domestic debt mainly to “net availment of domestic financing amounting to P179.16 billion offsetting the P2.61-billion effect of local currency appreciation against the US dollar on foreign denominated onshore securities.”
Based on figures from the BTr, the peso appreciated by 2.3 percent to P54.571 against the dollar from the P55.815 at end-December.
The government mainly borrows from domestic sources to mitigate foreign currency risk.
Meanwhile, external debt increased by 17.8 percent to P4.314 trillion at end-January from P3.662 trillion in the previous year. Month on month, it went up by 2.4 percent from P4.21 trillion.
Broken down, external debt consisted of P1.868 trillion in loans and P2.445 trillion in global bonds.
“The increase in NG’s external obligation for January was brought on by the P186.56 billion net availment of foreign loans and P10.36-billion impact of third currency adjustments against the US dollar. However, peso appreciation reduced the peso value of foreign currency denominated debt by P93.84 billion,” the BTr said.
As of end-January, the NG’s overall guaranteed obligations dropped by 1.3percent to P393.84 billion from P399.05 billion in the previous month. Year on year, it declined by 6.8 percent from P422.52 billion.
Analysts said that the increase in debt was due to the government’s recent bond offerings.
“This may have to do with the $3-billion global bond offering of the National Government in January,”
Rizal Commercial Banking Corp. Chief Economist Michael L. Ricafort said.
The government raised $3 billion from a US dollar bond issuance in January, its first for the year.
Ricafort said that debt could rise further due to the government’s retail Treasury bond (RTB) issuance in February, which raised P283.711 billion.
The government has also signaled a dollar-denominated RTB offering in the second quarter.
Union Bank of the Philippines, Inc. Chief Economist Ruben Carlo O. Asuncion said there was “quite a jump” in debt in January, noting that currency movements have also been noted as important debt drivers.
“My sense is that January usually is a good time to avail of financing opportunities to support economic growth expenditures. Although debt availments are carefully programmed throughout the fiscal year, January is one of the important months,” he said.
Ricafort also noted that new official development assistance and other multilateral funding for infrastructure projects would also add to the country’s outstanding debt in the coming months.
The government plans to borrow P2.207 trillion this year, where 75% is expected to be sourced domestically.
As of end-December, the country’s debt-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio stood at 60.9 percent, improving from the 63.7 percent debt-to-GDP ratio as of end-September.
This debt-to-GDP ratio is lower than the 61.8 percent target under the medium-term fiscal framework, but still above the 60 percent threshold considered manageable by multilateral lenders for developing economies.
The government is aiming to cut the debt-to-GDP ratio to less than 60 percent by 2025, and further down to 51.5 percent by 2028.